October 10, 2024


A Tunisian farmer transports water she filled up from a river on the back of a donkey in the remote village of Ouled Omar
A Tunisian farmer transports water she filled up from a river on the back of a donkey in the remote village of Ouled Omar.

Tunisian villager Ounissa Mazhoud ties two empty jerry cans to a donkey and cautiously descends a stony hill towards the last local source of water.

The North African country, in its fourth year of drought, is grappling with its worst water scarcity in years.

Mazhoud—like other women in the remote village of Ouled Omar, 180 kilometers (110 miles) southwest of the capital Tunis—wakes up every morning with one thing on her mind: finding water.

“We are the living dead … forgotten by everyone,” said Mazhoud, 57, whose region was once one of Tunisia’s most fertile, known for its wheat fields and Aleppo pines.

“We have no roads, no water, no aid, no decent housing, and we own nothing,” she said, adding that the closest source of water is a river about an hour’s arduous walk away.

Providing water for their families, she said, means that “our backs, heads and knees hurt, because we labor from dawn to dusk”.

‘Absolute water scarcity’

The World Bank predicts that by 2030 the Middle East and North Africa region will fall below the “absolute water scarcity” threshold of 500 cubic meters yearly per person.

Tunisia, already the 33rd most water-stressed country according to the World Resources Institute, has dropped to 450 cubic meters per inhabitant.

'Living dead': Tunisian villages suffer drought, climate change
A Tunisian farmer transports water she filled up from a river on the back of a donkey in the remote village of Ouled Omar, 180 kilometers southwest of the capital Tunis, on November 28, 2023, with the north African country grappling with its worst water scarcity in years as it enters its fourth year of drought.

Its dams—the primary source for drinking water and irrigating crops—are filled at just 22 percent capacity, despite brief showers recently, according to official figures.

Some 20 dams have already gone out of service, mostly in the most arid south.

Last spring, Tunisian authorities introduced water rationing to limit household use even in major cities.

But in remote villages, where water scarcity impacts crucial farming and livestock, the issue takes on even greater weight.

Ounissa’s 65-year-old husband, Mahmoud Mazhoud, said their village has become unable to support livestock, forcing him to sell half of his cow herd so he could afford to keep the rest alive.

Ouled Omar is home to 22 families who share the only remaining spring.

They say it yields only about 10 liters (2.6 gallons) of water per day in total, but that it is undrinkable.

'Living dead': Tunisian villages suffer drought, climate change
A picture taken on November 28, 2023 shows the Siliana dam lake in northern Tunisia, as the north African country grapples with its worst water scarcity in years while entering its fourth year of drought.

‘Sources dried up’

Ramzi Sebtaoui, a stockbreeder in his thirties, brings water to his family every day by driving to the closest source, some 20 kilometers away in the city of Maktar.

“Two or three years ago, the situation was much better, with many natural sources of water that we could use for livestock,” he said.

“Today, due to and other factors, almost all sources have dried up, and the roads are destroyed.”

Last week, Ouled Omar residents traveled almost 50 kilometers to the city of Siliana to protest outside governorate offices, demanding a paved road and access to clean water.

“They don’t have a source of drinking water, not even taps,” Houda Mazhoud, a researcher who has been advocating for Ouled Omar’s access to for years, told AFP.

“As a result, they use a natural source. But with climate change, it’s starting to disappear.”

A cow drinks scarce water in the remote village of Ouled Omar
A cow drinks scarce water in the remote village of Ouled Omar.

‘Houses remain empty’

The only road that leads to the village is decrepit and hasn’t been paved in decades, and residents say this only deepens their sense of isolation.

Some villagers have felt pushed to move to urban areas or abroad.

About 300,000 of Tunisia’s 12 million people have no in their homes, according to the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights.

Ounissa’s cousin, Djamila Mazhoud, 60, said her son and two daughters had all left in search of better lives.

“We educated our children so that when we grow old, they take care of us, but they couldn’t,” she said.

“People are either unemployed or eaten by the fish in the sea,” she added, using a common phrase for migrants who attempt the dangerous sea voyages for Europe.

Entire families have already left the village, said Djamila.

  • Farmers bring water tanks for their livestock in Ouled Omar
    Farmers bring water tanks for their livestock in Ouled Omar.
  • Some villagers have felt pushed to move to urban areas or abroad
    Some villagers have felt pushed to move to urban areas or abroad.

“Their houses remain empty,” she said, explaining that feel they have no choice but to follow their sons and daughters.

“Can an 80-year-old go to the river to get ?”

© 2023 AFP

Citation:
‘Living dead’: Tunisian villages suffer drought, climate change (2023, December 6)
retrieved 6 December 2023
from https://phys.org/news/2023-12-dead-tunisian-villages-drought-climate.html

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